和沼虾

Macrobrachium japonicum   De Haan
   

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形态描述

形态特征:额角在眼的上方稍微隆起,约伸至第一触角柄第三节的末端附近;上缘具10~14(通常为12)齿,基部有3~5齿位于眼眶后缘的头胸甲上,在头胸甲上的齿排列较稀疏,额角上的排列较紧密,基部第1~2齿间的距离明显地大于第2~3齿;下缘具2~4齿。头胸甲光滑,无颗粒状突起,肝刺与触角刺约等大,位于触角刺的后下方。
腹部光滑。第六腹节约为第五腹节长的1.5倍,尾节约为第六腹节长的1.5倍,尾节的背面具2对背刺,前对位于尾节的中部,后对位于前对和尾节末端之间的中部位置,尾节的末端中央呈尖刺状,两侧具2对侧刺,内侧刺长,明显地超出末端的中央尖突,在两内刺间具多对羽状刚毛。
柄刺稍超出角膜。鳞片长约为宽的2.5倍,外缘直,叶瓣超出前侧刺。
第一对步足腕节有一小部分超出鳞片的末缘;指节约等于掌部,腕节稍小于螯长的2倍。第二对步足两性均同形,但左右不等大。雄性大螯超过体长,各节的表面均覆盖有许多小刺,指节切缘具2大齿,末齿位于切缘中部的前方,基齿位于基部与末齿之间,位置常有变化,有些个体靠近末齿,有些则靠近基部,由1大齿和数个小齿组成;不动指亦具2大齿,前齿位于指节两齿的中间位置,基齿也位于前齿与基部之间的中部位置,在基部与基部大齿间亦具约2个小齿;掌部侧扁,约为指节长的1.6~2.0倍;腕节稍长于指节,约为掌部长的2/3;长节等于或稍短于腕节,约为座节长的1.5倍。第三对步足指节的部分或全部超出鳞片;各节均覆盖有许多小刺,掌节约为指节长的2.5~3.0倍,腕节稍长于掌节的一半,但短于长节。第五对步足伸不到鳞片的末端;各节间的比例似第三对。

生物学
生境信息
国外分布

日本,韩国

De Man J G.1892.Decapoden des Indischen Archipels.In:Weber M.Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Reise in Nieder- landisch Ost-Indien,2:265~527.pls.15~29
Yu H-P and Miyake S 1972.Five species of genus Macrobrathium(Crustacea Decapoda Palaemonidae)from Taiwan. Occ.Pap.Zool.Lab.fac.Agri.Kyushu Uni.Fukuoka Jap.3(6):45~55
Huang J J and Yu X P.1982.Studies on the fresh-water shrimps of the genus Macrobrachium(Crustacea,Decapoda, Palaemonidae)from Taiwan.Quarterly Journal of Taiwan Museum,25:157~180,textfigs.1~14,Plates. 1~3.[黄娟娟、游祥平,1982.台湾产淡水长臂虾之研究.台湾省立博物馆科学年刊,25:157~180,图1~ 14,图版1~3]
Holthuis L B.1950.The Decapoda of the Siboga Expedition Part.10.The Palaemonidae collected by the Siboga and Snellius Expeditions with remarks on other species I. Subfamily Palaemoninae.Siboga-Ex peditie,Monogr. 39a↑10↑:1~268.figs.1~52
Maki M and Tsuchiyu H,1923.Illustrated reports of the Crustacea Decapod from Formosa.Reports of the.Depart- ment of Agriculture of Normosa,3:1~215,pls.1~24.[牧茂市郎、土屋宽,1923.台湾十脚类图说.台湾总督府中央研究所农业部报告,3:1~215]
Stimpson W.1860.Prodromus descriptionis animalium evertebratorum,quae in expeditione ad Oceanum Pacificum septentrionalem,a Republica Federata missa Rissggeld et J Rodgers Ducibus,observavit descripsit.Protceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,1860:22~48
1849.De Haan W.1833~1850.Crustacea.In:Siebold P.F De.Fauna Japonica sive Descriptio animalium,quae in itine— re per Japoniam,jussu et auspiciis superiorum,qui summum in India Batava Imperium tenent,suscepto,annis 1823~1830 collegit,notis,observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit,PP.i~xvi,i~xvii,i~xxi,i~243, pls.1~55,A—Q,2
Kubo I.1940a.Studies on Japanese Palaemonid shrimps I.Palaemon.Jour.Imp.Fish.Inst.34(1):1~30.pls.
Parisi A S.1919.Natantia.I.Decapodei Giapponesi del Museo di Milanese.Ⅶ.Atti della Società Italiana di Sci- enze Naturali,58:59~99,pls 3~6
Ortmann A 1891.Die Decapoden Krebse des strassburger Museum II.Theil Versuch oiner Revision der Gattungen Palaemon sens strict und Bithvnis.Zool.J.Syst.5:693~750.pl.47

国内分布

台湾

Ortmann A 1891.Die Decapoden Krebse des strassburger Museum II.Theil Versuch oiner Revision der Gattungen Palaemon sens strict und Bithvnis.Zool.J.Syst.5:693~750.pl.47
Kubo I.1940a.Studies on Japanese Palaemonid shrimps I.Palaemon.Jour.Imp.Fish.Inst.34(1):1~30.pls.
Maki M and Tsuchiyu H,1923.Illustrated reports of the Crustacea Decapod from Formosa.Reports of the.Depart- ment of Agriculture of Normosa,3:1~215,pls.1~24.[牧茂市郎、土屋宽,1923.台湾十脚类图说.台湾总督府中央研究所农业部报告,3:1~215]
Stimpson W.1860.Prodromus descriptionis animalium evertebratorum,quae in expeditione ad Oceanum Pacificum septentrionalem,a Republica Federata missa Rissggeld et J Rodgers Ducibus,observavit descripsit.Protceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,1860:22~48
Parisi A S.1919.Natantia.I.Decapodei Giapponesi del Museo di Milanese.Ⅶ.Atti della Società Italiana di Sci- enze Naturali,58:59~99,pls 3~6
Holthuis L B.1950.The Decapoda of the Siboga Expedition Part.10.The Palaemonidae collected by the Siboga and Snellius Expeditions with remarks on other species I. Subfamily Palaemoninae.Siboga-Ex peditie,Monogr. 39a↑10↑:1~268.figs.1~52
Huang J J and Yu X P.1982.Studies on the fresh-water shrimps of the genus Macrobrachium(Crustacea,Decapoda, Palaemonidae)from Taiwan.Quarterly Journal of Taiwan Museum,25:157~180,textfigs.1~14,Plates. 1~3.[黄娟娟、游祥平,1982.台湾产淡水长臂虾之研究.台湾省立博物馆科学年刊,25:157~180,图1~ 14,图版1~3]
1849.De Haan W.1833~1850.Crustacea.In:Siebold P.F De.Fauna Japonica sive Descriptio animalium,quae in itine— re per Japoniam,jussu et auspiciis superiorum,qui summum in India Batava Imperium tenent,suscepto,annis 1823~1830 collegit,notis,observationibus et adumbrationibus illustravit,PP.i~xvi,i~xvii,i~xxi,i~243, pls.1~55,A—Q,2
De Man J G.1892.Decapoden des Indischen Archipels.In:Weber M.Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Reise in Nieder- landisch Ost-Indien,2:265~527.pls.15~29
Yu H-P and Miyake S 1972.Five species of genus Macrobrathium(Crustacea Decapoda Palaemonidae)from Taiwan. Occ.Pap.Zool.Lab.fac.Agri.Kyushu Uni.Fukuoka Jap.3(6):45~55